"thurvan" meaning in All languages combined

See thurvan on Wiktionary

Verb [Old Dutch]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|odt|gmw-pro|*þurban}} Proto-West Germanic *þurban, {{inh|odt|gem-pro|*þurbaną}} Proto-Germanic *þurbaną Head templates: {{head|odt|verb|cat2=|head=|sort=}} thurvan, {{odt-verb}} thurvan Inflection templates: {{odt-conj-pp|thurv}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], thurvan [infinitive], tharf [first-person, present, singular], thorfta [first-person, past, singular], tharft [present, second-person, singular], thorftos [past, second-person, singular], tharf [present, singular, third-person], thorfta [past, singular, third-person], thurvun [first-person, plural, present], thorftun [first-person, past, plural], thurvut [plural, present, second-person], thorftut [past, plural, second-person], thurvun [plural, present, third-person], thorftun [past, plural, third-person], thurvi [first-person, present, singular], thurfti [first-person, past, singular], thurvis [present, second-person, singular], thurvist [present, second-person, singular], thurftis [past, second-person, singular], thurvi [present, singular, third-person], thurfti [past, singular, third-person], thurvin [first-person, plural, present], thurftin [first-person, past, plural], thurvit [plural, present, second-person], thurftit [past, plural, second-person], thurvin [plural, present, third-person], thurftin [past, plural, third-person], - [present, singular], - [plural, present], participle [plural], thurvandi [present], githorft [past]
  1. to need
    Sense id: en-thurvan-odt-verb-fCXPH8yL Categories (other): Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 39 28 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 38 29 33 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 38 29 33
  2. to be required
    Sense id: en-thurvan-odt-verb-iCL-rwhJ Categories (other): Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 39 28 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 38 29 33 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 38 29 33
  3. may, to be allowed to
    Sense id: en-thurvan-odt-verb-cJYHfbbS Categories (other): Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 39 28 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 38 29 33 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 38 29 33

Verb [Old Saxon]

IPA: /ˈθurfɑn/, [ˈθurβɑn]
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *terp-. Etymology templates: {{inh|osx|gmw-pro|*þurban}} Proto-West Germanic *þurban, {{inh|osx|gem-pro|*þurbaną}} Proto-Germanic *þurbaną, {{inh|osx|ine-pro|*terp-}} Proto-Indo-European *terp- Head templates: {{head|osx|verb|head=|sort=}} thurvan, {{osx-verb|type=pretpres}} thurvan Inflection templates: {{osx-conj-pp|tharf|thurv|thorft|pres2sg=tharft}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], thurvan [infinitive], tharf [first-person, present, singular], thorfta [first-person, past, singular], tharft [present, second-person, singular], thorftes [past, second-person, singular], tharf [present, singular, third-person], thorfta [past, singular, third-person], thurvun [plural, present], thorftun [past, plural], thurvi [first-person, present, singular], thorfti [first-person, past, singular], thurvis [present, second-person, singular], thorftis [past, second-person, singular], thurvi [present, singular, third-person], thorfti [past, singular, third-person], thurvin [plural, present], thorftin [past, plural], - [present, singular], - [plural, present], thurvandi [present], - [past]
  1. to need, to be allowed (to do something) Synonyms: thurƀan Derived forms: bithurvan
    Sense id: en-thurvan-osx-verb-gW58Ibp1 Categories (other): Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "dorven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: dorven\nDutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)\nAfrikaans: durf\nJavindo: durref\nNegerhollands: derv, dėfo\n→ Papiamentu: dùrf\nLimburgish: dörve",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: dorven\nDutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)\nAfrikaans: durf\nJavindo: durref\nNegerhollands: derv, dėfo\n→ Papiamentu: dùrf\nLimburgish: dörve"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þurban"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þurbaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurbaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odt-conj-pp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurfti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvist",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurfti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "participle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "githorft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "odt-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "thurv"
      },
      "name": "odt-conj-pp"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Dutch",
  "lang_code": "odt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 28 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to need"
      ],
      "id": "en-thurvan-odt-verb-fCXPH8yL",
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 28 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be required"
      ],
      "id": "en-thurvan-odt-verb-iCL-rwhJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "required",
          "required"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 28 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "may, to be allowed to"
      ],
      "id": "en-thurvan-odt-verb-cJYHfbbS",
      "links": [
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "thurvan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dürven",
            "3": "dörven",
            "4": "dröven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "dörven",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: dörven, dröven, dröffen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: dörven, dröven, dröffen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þurban"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þurbaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurbaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terp-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *terp-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osx-conj-pp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvandi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "type": "pretpres"
      },
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "osx-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tharf",
        "2": "thurv",
        "3": "thorft",
        "pres2sg": "tharft"
      },
      "name": "osx-conj-pp"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Saxon",
  "lang_code": "osx",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "bithurvan"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "they all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lords",
          "roman": "uundrodun alla bihuuî he thar sô lango frâon sînun thionon thorfti",
          "text": "9th c. Heliand, verse 178",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to need, to be allowed (to do something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-thurvan-osx-verb-gW58Ibp1",
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "allowed",
          "allowed"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "thurƀan"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθurfɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈθurβɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "thurvan"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Dutch basic verbs",
    "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Dutch lemmas",
    "Old Dutch preterite-present verbs",
    "Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old Dutch verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "dorven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: dorven\nDutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)\nAfrikaans: durf\nJavindo: durref\nNegerhollands: derv, dėfo\n→ Papiamentu: dùrf\nLimburgish: dörve",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: dorven\nDutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)\nAfrikaans: durf\nJavindo: durref\nNegerhollands: derv, dėfo\n→ Papiamentu: dùrf\nLimburgish: dörve"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þurban"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þurbaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurbaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odt-conj-pp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurfti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvist",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurfti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurftin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "participle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "githorft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "odt-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "thurv"
      },
      "name": "odt-conj-pp"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Dutch",
  "lang_code": "odt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to need"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be required"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "required",
          "required"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "may, to be allowed to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "thurvan"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bithurvan"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dürven",
            "3": "dörven",
            "4": "dröven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "dörven",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: dörven, dröven, dröffen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: dörven, dröven, dröffen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þurban"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þurbaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurbaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terp-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *terp-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osx-conj-pp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tharf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorfti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorftin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thurvandi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "type": "pretpres"
      },
      "expansion": "thurvan",
      "name": "osx-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tharf",
        "2": "thurv",
        "3": "thorft",
        "pres2sg": "tharft"
      },
      "name": "osx-conj-pp"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Saxon",
  "lang_code": "osx",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Saxon lemmas",
        "Old Saxon preterite-present verbs",
        "Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old Saxon terms with quotations",
        "Old Saxon verbs",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "they all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lords",
          "roman": "uundrodun alla bihuuî he thar sô lango frâon sînun thionon thorfti",
          "text": "9th c. Heliand, verse 178",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to need, to be allowed (to do something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "allowed",
          "allowed"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθurfɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈθurβɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "thurƀan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "thurvan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for thurvan meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2447",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Old Dutch is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: participle",
  "path": [
    "thurvan"
  ],
  "section": "Old Dutch",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "thurvan",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2512",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Old Dutch is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: participle, style: background-color:#ced2de; font-weight:bold;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "thurvan"
  ],
  "section": "Old Dutch",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "thurvan",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.